reason. connector, conclusion.State the reason first. Then add the connector and the conclusion clause.
Conclusion Connectors
B1Use therefore, as a result, and consequently to show that one fact leads to a conclusion or result. Put the result after the connector.
What you'll learn
- Choose a connector that clearly signals a conclusion or result.
- Place the connector before the conclusion, not before the reason.
- Use punctuation around the connector to join full statements correctly.
- Use conclusion connectors for logical results, decisions, and actions.
Structure
reason; connector, conclusion.Use a semicolon when both sides are full statements in one sentence.
Build a sentence
Reason
Connector
It rained all night.Therefore,the streets were flooded.
It rained all night. Therefore, the streets were flooded.
Use therefore before the logical conclusion.
When to use
Results
A situation causes an outcome. The first sentence gives the reason; the second gives the result. The engine failed. Therefore, the flight was canceled.
Decisions
Facts lead to a choice or plan. The hotel was full. As a result, Maria booked a room across the street.
Explanations
Use them in clear reasoning and formal explanation. Sales fell for three months. Consequently, the company changed its strategy.
Markers
thereforeas a resultconsequentlyso
Common mistakes
Wrong
Therefore, Tom took a taxi. The buses had stopped.
Correct
The buses had stopped. Therefore, Tom took a taxi.
Give the reason first, then the conclusion. The connector points forward to the result.
Wrong
The bus was late, therefore, we missed the meeting.
Correct
The bus was late; therefore, we missed the meeting.
Therefore connects two full statements. Use a semicolon or a period before it, not just a comma.
Wrong
The app crashed. As a result we lost the file.
Correct
The app crashed. As a result, we lost the file.
Add a comma after the connector before the conclusion clause.
Wrong
Lisa bought a new jacket. Consequently, the weather was cold.
Correct
The weather was cold. Consequently, Lisa bought a new jacket.
The second sentence must follow logically from the first one. Put the cause first and the result second.
Wrong
The road was closed. Therefore for this reason, we took the train.
Correct
The road was closed. Therefore, we took the train.
Therefore already gives the idea of result. Do not add another result phrase inside the same connector.
Common misconceptions
❝ Any connector can join any two sentences if the topic is similar. ❞
Conclusion connectors need a real cause-and-result link. Similar topic is not enough; the second idea must follow from the first one.
❝ A comma before therefore is enough to connect two full sentences. ❞
A comma alone is not enough here. Use a period or semicolon before the connector, then a comma after it.
Skills in this rule (4)
CHOOSE_A_CONCLUSION_CONNECTORw5Choose a connector to show a logical conclusion
Use therefore, as a result, or consequently when one idea leads to the next. The second statement is the conclusion or outcome of the first one.
PLACE_CONNECTOR_IN_THE_RIGHT_SPOTw5Place the connector between the reason and the conclusion
Put the reason first and the conclusion after the connector. The connector often comes after a period or semicolon, followed by a comma.
PUNCTUATE_CONNECTOR_CLAUSESw4Punctuate conclusion connectors correctly
Use a period or semicolon before therefore, as a result, or consequently when they connect full statements. Add a comma after the connector before the conclusion clause.
USE_CONNECTORS_FOR_LOGICAL_RESULTSw4Use conclusion connectors for results and decisions
These connectors fit when facts lead to an outcome, a decision, or an action. They work well in explanations, reports, and step-by-step arguments.